Electroconvulsive therapy can differ in its application in three ways: electrode placement, frequency of treatments, and the electrical waveform of the stimulus.
...There is usually a risk of memory loss with ECT.
... In the United Kingdom, around a third of patients who are receiving ECT haven't consented to it...
...As early as the 16th century, agents to produce seizures were used to treat psychiatric conditions. In 1785, the therapeutic use of seizure induction was documented in the London Medical Journal. Convulsive therapy was introduced in 1934 by Hungarian neuropsychiatrist Ladislas J. Meduna...
...Italian Professor of neuropsychiatry Ugo Cerletti, who had been using electric shocks to produce seizures in animal experiments, ...in 1937, experimented for the first time on a person... Cerletti had noted a shock to the head produced convulsions in dogs. The idea to use electroshock on humans came to ...
...By 1940, the procedure was introduced to both England and the US. In Germany and Austria it was promoted by Friedrich Meggendorfer. Through the 1940s and 1950s, the use of ECT became widespread.
In the early 1940s, in an attempt to reduce the memory disturbance and confusion associated with treatment, two modifications were introduced: the use of unilateral electrode placement and the replacement of sinusoidal current with brief pulse...
In the 1940s and early 1950s ECT was usually given in "unmodified" form, without muscle relaxants, and the seizure resulted in a full-scale convulsion.
...Recent research has investigated whether implantable devices such as those used in DBS (deep brain stimulation) could result in clinical improvements for patients with treatment-resistant depression...
It is the purported effects of ECT on long-term memory that give rise to much of the concern surrounding its use. The acute effects of ECT can include amnesia, both retrograde (for events occurring before the treatment) and anterograde (for events occurring after the treatment).
The use of either constant or pulsing electrical impulses also varied the memory loss results in patients...
According to the researchers, "Subjects who had received remote ECT had further impairment on a variety of learning and memory tests when compared with patients with no past ECT.
...in June 2009, Portuguese researchers published a review on the safety and efficacy of ECT in an article entitled, Electroconvulsive Therapy: Myths and Evidences. In their review, the researchers conclude that ECT is an "efficient, safe:
Electroconvulsive therapy: myths and evidences
Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa
Maria Luisa Figueira is Professor of Psychiatry, and Director of the Department of Psychiatry at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon. Figueira is also Head of the Psychiatric Department, Hospital Santa Maria in Lisbon.
"...Breggin accuses Max Fink and other pro-ECT researchers of having a history of "systematically covering up damage done to millions of [ECT] patients throughout the world...Breggin writes, "Even when these injured people can continue to function on a superficial social basis, they nonetheless suffer devastation of their identities due to the obliteration of key aspects of their personal lives. The loss of the ability to retain and learn new material is not only humiliating and depressing but also disabling. Even when relatively subtle, these activities can disrupt routine activities of living."
Peter Breggin, a psychiatrist, has published books and journal reviews of the literature purporting to show that ECT routinely causes brain damage as evidenced by a considerable list of studies in humans and animals. In particular, Breggin asserts that animal and human autopsy studies have shown that ECT routinely causes 'widespread pinpoint hemorrhages and scattered cell death.' (STROKES/AVC ????)
The placement of electrodes, as well as the dose and duration of the stimulation is determined on a per-patient basis.
Both electrodes can be placed on the same side of the patient's head. This is known as unilateral ECT. Unilateral ECT is used first to minimize side effects (memory loss). When electrodes are placed on both sides of the head, this is known as bilateral ECT...
The electrodes deliver an electrical stimulus. The stimulus levels recommended for ECT are in excess of an individual's seizure threshold...
In a letter to the editor published in the Washington Post in December, 2000, registered nurse Barbara C. Cody wrote that her life was forever changed by 13 outpatient ECTs she received in 1983. She wrote,
"Shock 'therapy' totally and permanently disabled me. EEGs [electroencephalograms] verify the extensive damage shock did to my brain. Fifteen to 20 years of my life were simply erased; only small bits and pieces have returned. I was also left with short-term memory impairment and serious cognitive deficits. ... Shock 'therapy' took my past, my college education, my musical abilities, even the knowledge that my children were, in fact, my children. I call ECT a rape of the soul."Similarly, writer Johnanton Cott claims to have completely lost 15 years of memory in On the Sea of Memory: A Journey from Forgetting to Remembering.
Ernest Hemingway, American author, committed suicide shortly after ECT at the Mayo Clinic in 1961"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19686628
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Luisa_Figueira
"Perforant pathway stimulation (PPS) is used to study temporal lobe epilepsy in rodents. High-frequency PPS induces acute seizures, which can lead to neuron death and spontaneous epilepsy."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21740421
" The hippocampus is perhaps the most studied structure in the brain. together with the adjacent Amygdyla, it forms the central axis of the Limbic System. It is critical to spatial learning and awareness, navigation, episodic/event memory, associational recollection .... and much more...The perforant path is the major input to the hippocampus."
http://www.bristol.ac.uk/synaptic/pathways/
My question is can these diseases may have induced them to you through Electroconvulsive therapy with a tiny stimulator like the BION, that can be injected...??
..."In a person with Parkinson's disease, these nerve cells are damaged and do not work as well as they should..." http://kidshealth.org/kid/grownup/conditions/parkinson.html
..."The gradual loss of brain function that characterizes Alzheimer's disease seems to be due to two main forms of nerve damage..." http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/guide/understanding-alzheimers-disease-basics
..."Dementia involves damage of nerve cells in the brain, which may occur in several areas of the brain..." http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dementia/DS01131/DSECTION=causes
O choque elétrico é um estímulo rápido no corpo humano, ocasionado pela passagem da corrente elétrica
Translation
O choque elétrico é um estímulo rápido no corpo humano, ocasionado pela passagem da corrente elétrica
Translation
Electric shock is a rapid stimulation in the human body caused by the passage of electric current
Wireless implantable micro-stimulation...
"Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proven to be an effective treatment for several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, the underlying working mechanisms are still largely unknown. Behavioral animal models are essential in examining the working mechanisms of DBS and especially mouse models are necessary to investigate the genetic component underlying specific behaviors related to psychiatric diseases....In order to overcome this limitation we have developed a new light-weight wireless implantable micro stimulator device for mice that delivers biphasic pulse patterns to two individual electrode pairs, mimicking partly the clinical situation.
... This newly designed device can now be used in the highly needed DBS behavioral studies in mice, to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of DBS in behavioral animal models for psychiatric disorders."http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22677175
Explain me as if I were a child...they are putting micro implants in mice for studying psychiatric disorders? hmm ... and are they also studying humans to see what they usually bite?
... This newly designed device can now be used in the highly needed DBS behavioral studies in mice, to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of DBS in behavioral animal models for psychiatric disorders."http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22677175
Explain me as if I were a child...they are putting micro implants in mice for studying psychiatric disorders? hmm ... and are they also studying humans to see what they usually bite?
"The implantable microstimulator system is designed to help patients with neurological disorders and muscular impairments like Parkinson's, stroke and urinary incontinence.
The microstimulator system, like the refurbished nervous system proposed by Bester, is implanted near nerves, and emits electrical micropulses that stimulate muscles and nerves. These systems have been in use for more than a decade; the Bion microstimulator is a miniature, self-contained neurostimulator. A significant difference is that the actual system uses microstimulators that are self-contained; Bester's fictional system requires that all of the stimulators be interconnected and powered from a single source."http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=417
"The University of Florida is seeking a company interested in commercializing a closedloop neuroprosthetic microstimulation device for treating epileptic seizures...." http://apps.research.ufl.edu/otl/viewTechInfo.cfm?case=11930
"New lithium battery technology developed by UW-Madison emeritus professor of chemistry Robert West powers this tiny microstimulator, a device that effectively jump-starts broken nerve connections in conditions like Parkinson's, epilepsy and incontinence. "
http://www.news.wisc.edu/newsphotos/lithiumBatTech.html
"The BION devices: injectable interfaces with peripheral
nerves and muscles...Miniature wireless stimulators received power and individually addressed command signals from an external radiofrequency transmission coil. One or more implants were injected through a 12-gauge hypodermic insertion tool into muscles or adjacent to motor nerves, where they provided the means to activate the muscles in any desired pattern of intensity and frequency...."
"Brain electrodes were inserted into the skulls of babies in 1946 without the knowledge of their parents. In the 1950s and 60s, electrical implants were inserted into the brains of animals and humans, especially in the U.S., during research into behavior modification, and brain and body functioning." By Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde, MD Former Chief Medical Officer of Finland
December 6, 2000" http://www.naturodoc.com/library/public_health/microchip_implants.htm
So if a baby is inserted with a electrical implant when born...radiations can cause after a long exposure seizures (for example) then this seizures will take him to medication, surgeries...research...other diseases like strokes, diabetes...the same cicle....and after when older Parkinson, dementia...????
No comments:
Post a Comment