"Brain Research and the Murder of the Sick...1937-..."

"...planners began in the autumn of 1939 to distribute carefully formulated questionnaires to all public health officials, public and private hospitals, mental institutions, and nursing homes for the chronically ill and aged. ...
The form's sinister purpose was suggested only by the emphasis which the questionnaire placed upon the patient's capacity to work and by the categories of patients which the inquiry required health authorities to identify: those suffering from schizophrenia, epilepsy, dementia, encephalitis, and other chronic psychiatric or neurological disorders; those not of German or "related" blood; the criminally insane or those committed on criminal grounds; and those who had been confined to the institution in question for more than five years. Secretly recruited "medical experts," physicians--many of them of significant reputation--worked in teams of three to evaluate the forms..."

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005200

"In Germany, during World War II, more than 120,000 handicapped children and adults were murdered for the convenience of the State. To gain scientific knowledge, the brains of many of these patients were examined by German neuropathologists."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17551614

"Heinrich Gross (14 November 1915 – 15 December 2005) was an Austrian psychiatrist, medical doctor and neurologist, a reputed expert as a leading court-appointed psychiatrist, ill-famed for his proven involvement in the killing of at least nine children with physical, mental and/or emotional/behavioral characteristics considered "unclean" by the Nazi regime..."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Gross

"Dr. Julius Hallervorden... was a neuropathologist at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research. He ordered hundreds of brains from the victims of the euthanasia project to be sent to him from the killing hospital, Brandenburg-Gorden (Annas   & Grodin, 1992)."

"Dr. Sigmund Rascher was a Luftwaffe captain as well as a doctor. He was in charge of many of the "military medical experiments" at Dachau including the hypothermia experiments (where 300 people were killed) and the high altitude experiments. He examined the brains of Jews after their skulls were split open (while fully conscious) to see the effects of high altitude on humans (Hackett, 1995)."

"Dr. Bruno Weber was the chief of the Hygienic Institute. Interested in the interactions between human blood types, he injected his patients with a variety of blood types to observe the effects. Weber took the blood from weak inmates or killed inmates by letting them bleed to death (Lifton, 1986).  He also gave patients various barbiturates and morphine derivatives to see if he could brain wash prisoners and use mind control (Lifton, 1986).

http://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/nazidocsandothers.html

"Heinrich Gross, 84,...He was responsible for signing hundreds of death certificates.
The brains of those who died are still kept in preservation jars in the hospital's basement. Dr Gross is believed to have continued experimenting on them until recently. He was allowed to keep the body parts of many of the children in a private collection.
...
Until last year he was the second best-paid forensic doctor working in the legal system.

...Years later he spotted the doctor on television talking about electro-shock treatment."

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/apr/26/kateconnolly

Dr. José Cortez Pimentel...

 "Por um diagnóstico de cancro, que afinal não tinha, um homem submeteu-se a uma cirurgia para retirar a próstata. E para salvar uma vida que afinal não estava em perigo acabou com problemas crónicos que vão da impotência à incontinência.

...um patologista português de maior renome, José Cortez Pimentel, foi condenado a pagar perto de cem mil euros a Roberto Berger.

O caso começou em 1998, quando Roberto Berger, então com 59 anos, se submeteu a prostectomia total para retirar a próstata que, de acordo com o diagnóstico de José Manuel Cortez Pimentel, tinha um adenocarcinoma, ou seja, cancro. Na análise pós-operação efectuada à glândula, não foi, contudo, detectada presença de tecido cancerígeno....

Ao fim de oito anos, o Tribunal Cível de Lisboa deu razão a Roberto Berger, dando como provado que o diagnóstico do réu estava errado, apesar das alegações do mesmo de que as lâminas, com os filamentos retirados por biopsia a Roberto Berger, tinham tecido cancerígeno. Para tentar provar a sua alegação, Cortez Pimentel apresentou em tribunal, primeiro, pareceres de outros peritos que, perante uma foto, garantiram que os tecidos tinham cancro.

Contudo, também a lâmina tinha alguns vestígios de tecido cancerígeno. Roberto Berger percebeu então que essa não era exactamente igual - como deveria ser - a outra cópia que tinha em seu poder (por, inicialmente, ter pensado em ser operado em França  (immigrant?? what nationality???...)por um cirurgião que tinha solicitado esse material de análise). E era nos elementos estranhos e não coincidentes das lâminas que estava o tecido cancerígeno.

A estratégia seguinte da acusação foi tentar provar que os tecidos afectados não pertenciam ao paciente. Mas, explica este, "no Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal disseram-me que o tratamento químico que é feito, para preservar o ma- terial biológico, bem como o facto de a lâmina ter poucas células complica muito a extracção de ADN". E aí entrou o papel decisivo do Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto que, ao comparar os dois elementos, conseguiu provar que o tecido afectado não era geneticamente compatível com o do paciente."

Translation

"For a diagnosis of cancer, which did not had, a man has undergone surgery to remove the prostate. And to save a life was not in danger after all ended up with chronic problems ranging from impotency to incontinence.
A pathologist ... most renowned Portuguese, Jose Cortez Pimentel, was ordered to pay close to a hundred thousand euros to Robert Berger.

The case began in 1998 when Roberto Berger, then 59, was subjected to total prostatectomy to remove the prostate, according to the diagnosis Jose Manuel Cortez Pimentel, had an adenocarcinoma, or cancer. In the analysis operation performed after the gland, there was, however, detected the presence of cancerous tissue ....
After eight years, the Civil Court of Lisbon gave reason to Robert Berger, giving as evidence that the defendant's diagnosis was wrong, despite claims that the same blades, with the filaments removed by biopsy to Robert Berger, had tissue carcinogen. To try to prove his claim, Cortez Pimentel presented in court, first, opinions of other experts, before a photo, ensured that the tissues had cancer....

However, the blade also had some evidence of cancer tissue. Roberto Berger realized then that this was not exactly the same - as it should be - the other copy he had in his power (by initially have thought of being operated on by a surgeon in France who had requested the material analysis). And it was on the foreign elements and unmatched blade that the cancerous tissue was.

The strategy follows the prosecution was trying to prove that the affected tissue did not belong to the patient. " And then came the decisive role of the Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto that, in comparing the two elements, to prove that the affected tissue was not genetically compatible with the patient's"

http://www.dn.pt/inicio/interior.aspx?content_id=648315

Anneliese Michel...

"Anneliese Michel (21 September 1952 – 1 July 1976) was a German Catholic woman who was said to be possessed by demons ...

Michel was born on 21 September 1952 in Leiblfing, Bavaria, West Germany to a strict Catholic family. When she was sixteen, she suffered a severe convulsion and was diagnosed as having epilepsy. Soon, she began hallucinating while praying. In 1973, she suffered from depression and began to hear voices telling her that she was “damned” and would "rot in hell".
...

Her treatment in an unnamed psychiatric hospital did not improve Michel’s health. Moreover, her depression began to deepen. She grew increasingly frustrated with medical intervention as it did not help. Long-term medical treatment proved unsuccessful; her condition, including her depression, worsened with time.
...
In June 1970, Michel suffered a third seizure at the psychiatric hospital where she had been staying and was prescribed anti-convulsants for the first time. ... She also continued talking about what she called “devil faces”, seen at various times of the day. Michel became convinced that conventional medicine was of no help."

<sup>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anneliese_Michel

"</sup>Anneliese Michel (Leiblfing, 21 de setembro de 1952 — Klingenberg am Main, 1 de julho de 1976) foi uma jovem alemã de família católica que acreditava ter sido possuída por uma legião de demônios,
...
Anneliese experimentou graves distúrbios psiquiátricos a partir dos 16 anos de idade até sua morte, aos 23 anos, sendo seu quadro clínico composto desde desnutrição secundária à doença mental. Depois de vários anos de tratamento psiquiátrico ineficaz, ela se recusou ao tratamento médico e solicitou um exorcismo...

...
 Quando tinha dezesseis anos, Anneliese sofreu uma grave convulsão e foi diagnosticada com epilepsia.^[ Logo, ela também começou a alucinar enquanto rezava. Em 1973, ela sofria de depressão e começou a ouvir vozes dizendo que diziam que ela estava "condenada" e que iria "apodrecer no inferno".^"

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anneliese_Michel

"Neuropathological research at the "Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Psychiatrie" (German Institute for Psychiatric Research) in Munich (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute). Scientific utilization of children's organs from the "Kinderfachabteilungen" (Children's Special Departments) at Bavarian State Hospitals.
...
During National Socialism, the politically motivated interest in psychiatric genetic research lead to the founding of research departments specialized in pathological-anatomical brain research, the two Kaiser Wilhelm-Institutes (KWI) in Berlin and Munich. The latter was indirectly provided with brain material by Bavarian State Hospitals, to three of which "Kinderfachabteilungen" (Special Pediatric Units) were affiliated. ... these departments systematically contributed to neuropathological research and that slide preparations from victims of child "euthanasia" were used in scientific publications after 1945."

http://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16887759/Neuropathological_research_at_the_%22Deutsche_Forschungsanstalt_fuer_Psychiatrie%22__German_Institute_for_Psychiatric_Research__in_Munich__Kaiser_Wilhelm_Institute___Scientific_utilization_of_children's_organs_from_the_%22Kinderfachabteilungen%22__Children's_Special_Departments__at_Bavarian_State_Hospitals_